Takotsubo Syndrome: An International Expert Consensus Report on Practical Challenges and Specific Conditions (Part-1: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges)

Kenan Yalta¹, John E Madias², Nicholas G Kounis³, Shams Y-Hassan⁴, Marija Polovina⁵, Servet Altay¹, Alexandre Mebazaa⁶, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz⁷, Yuri Lopatin⁸, Mamas A Mamas⁹, Robert J Gil¹⁰, Ritu Thamman¹¹, Abdallah Almaghraby¹², Biykem Bozkurt¹³, Gani Bajraktari^14,16, Thomas Fink¹⁷, Vassil Traykov¹⁸, Stephane Manzo-Silberman¹⁹, Ulvi Mirzoyev²⁰, Sekib Sokolovic²¹, Zviad V Kipiani²², Cecilia Linde^23,24, Petar M Seferovic²⁵

¹Department of Cardiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye
²Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY, United States of America
³Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
⁴Coronary Artery Disease Area, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
⁵Department of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
⁶University Paris Cite, Department of Anesthesia-Burn-Critical Care, Université de Paris, UMR Inserm MASCOT; APHP Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, Paris, France
⁷Department of Cardiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
⁸Department of Cardiology, Volgograd State Medical University, Regional Cardiology Centre, Volgograd, Russia
⁹Department of Cardiology, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
¹⁰Department of Cardiology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
¹²Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Bin Hamad Obaidallah Hospital, EHS, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
¹³Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, United States of America
¹⁴Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
¹⁵University of Prishtina Faculty of Medicine, Prishtina, Kosovo
¹⁶Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
¹⁷Department of Cardiology, Division of Electrophysiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
¹⁸Department of Cardiology, Division of Invasive Electrophysiology, Acıbadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹⁹Department of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, ACTION Study Group, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
²⁰Medical Center of The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Azerbaijan; President of Azerbaijan Society of Cardiology, Baku, Azerbaijan
²¹Department of Cardiology, Cardiology and Rheumatology Hospital, Sarajevo University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina
²²Department of Cardiology, New Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
²³Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
²⁴Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
²⁵Department of Cardiology, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI : 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-9-98

In the recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), which is renowned as a specific form of reversible myocardial dysfunction. Despite the extensive literature available on TTS, clinicians still face several practical challenges associated with the diagnosis and management of this phenomenon. This potentially results in the underdiagnosis and improper management of TTS in clinical practice. The present paper, the first part (part-1) of the consensus report, aims to cover diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with TTS along with certain recommendations to combat these challenges.

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