Takotsubo Syndrome: An International Expert Consensus Report on Practical Challenges and Specific Conditions (Part-2: Specific Entities, Risk Stratification and Challenges After Recovery)

Kenan Yalta¹, John E Madias², Nicholas G Kounis³, Shams Y-Hassan⁴, Marija Polovina⁵, Servet Altay¹, Alexandre Mebazaa⁶, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz⁷, Yuri Lopatin⁸, Mamas A Mamas⁹, Robert J Gil¹⁰, Ritu Thamman¹¹, Abdallah Almaghraby¹², Biykem Bozkurt¹³, Gani Bajraktari^14,16, Thomas Fink¹⁷, Vassil Traykov¹⁸, Stephane Manzo-Silberman¹⁹, Ulvi Mirzoyev²⁰, Sekib Sokolovic²¹, Zviad V Kipiani²², Cecilia Linde^23,24, Petar M Seferovic²⁵

¹Department of Cardiology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Türkiye
²Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY, United States of America
³Department of Cardiology, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
⁴Coronary Artery Disease Area, Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
⁵Department of Cardiology, University of Belgrade, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
⁶University Paris Cite, Department of Anesthesia-Burn-Critical Care, Université de Paris, UMR Inserm MASCOT; APHP Saint Louis Lariboisière University Hospitals, Paris, France
⁷Department of Cardiology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Türkiye
⁸Department of Cardiology, Volgograd State Medical University, Regional Cardiology Centre, Volgograd, Russia
⁹Department of Cardiology, Centre for Prognosis Research, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
¹⁰Department of Cardiology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration, Warsaw, Poland
¹¹Department of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, United States of America
¹²Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Bin Hamad Obaidallah Hospital, EHS, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
¹³Department of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, United States of America
¹⁴Department of Cardiology, University Clinical Centre of Kosova, Prishtina, Kosovo
¹⁵University of Prishtina Faculty of Medicine, Prishtina, Kosovo
¹⁶Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
¹⁷Department of Cardiology, Division of Electrophysiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
¹⁸Department of Cardiology, Division of Invasive Electrophysiology, Acıbadem City Clinic Tokuda University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹⁹Department of Cardiology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, ACTION Study Group, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
²⁰Medical Center of The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Azerbaijan; President of Azerbaijan Society of Cardiology, Baku, Azerbaijan
²¹Department of Cardiology, Cardiology and Rheumatology Hospital, Sarajevo University Clinical Center, Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina
²²Department of Cardiology, New Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
²³Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
²⁴Heart and Vascular Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
²⁵Department of Cardiology, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts and Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

DOI : 10.4274/balkanmedj.galenos.2024.2024-9-99

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) still remains as an enigmatic phenomenon. In particular, long-term challenges (including clinical recurrence and persistent symptoms) and specific entities in the setting of TTS have been the evolving areas of interest. On the other hand, a significant gap still exists regarding the proper risk-stratification of this phenomenon in the short and long terms. The present paper, the second part (part-2) of the consensus report, aims to discuss less well-known aspects of TTS including specific entities, challenges after recovery and risk-stratification.

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